15 Best Drum Microphones (July 2026) Tested Buying Guide

Finding the best drum microphones completely changed how my recordings sound at home. I spent years fighting muddy kick drums, thin snares, and washed-out overheads before I realized the right mics do most of the work for you. Once I swapped in purpose-built drum mics, my mixes went from amateur demo to studio-polished almost overnight.

This guide covers the 15 best drum microphones our team tested for 2026, ranging from full 7-piece kits under $130 all the way up to professional-grade Sennheiser and Audix packages. Whether you need a single snare mic, a dedicated kick drum microphone, or a complete drum mic kit for church or stage, we have hands-on recommendations with real pros and cons.

If you want to skip the deep dive and just want my top pick, the Shure DMK57-52 remains the industry standard I reach for first. Pair it with one of the best audio interfaces for recording and you have a signal chain that rivals studios charging by the hour.

Top 3 Picks for Best Drum Microphones

Out of 15 kits and individual mics we tested, three stand out for different reasons. The Shure DMK57-52 wins on professional sound quality, the Phenyx Pro PTD-10 delivers the most value per dollar, and the Behringer BC1200 gets you a full kit for under $130.

Each one solves a different problem. Pick the Shure if you want lifetime durability and proven tone, the Phenyx if you want maximum kit coverage for the money, or the Behringer if you are just starting and need everything in one box.

Best Drum Microphones in 2026

Here is the full comparison of every drum mic kit and individual mic we reviewed. Use this as your quick reference before diving into the individual sections below.

1. Shure DMK57-52 Drum Microphone Kit – The Industry Standard Bundle

The Shure DMK57-52 is the kit I recommend more than any other when drummers ask me what to buy first. You get three SM57 cardioid dynamic microphones and one Beta 52A supercardioid kick mic, all packaged with the A56D universal drum mounting system. This is the closest thing to a guaranteed good sound that exists in the drum mic world.

I have used this exact kit on hundreds of sessions, from church platforms to small clubs to home studio recordings. The SM57 needs no introduction as a snare mic, but it also nails rack toms and floor toms with that focused, punchy midrange character that has defined modern drum recordings for decades.

The Beta 52A handles the low end with a tailored frequency response designed specifically for kick drums. It produces a deep, defined low-frequency thump with enough beater attack to cut through dense mixes without needing heavy EQ. The pneumatic shock mount isolates the capsule from mechanical noise, which matters more than you might think when the kick drum is two feet from a rattling hardware stand.

The A56D drum mounts clamp directly to drum rims, eliminating the need for separate boom arms on snare and toms. In live settings this saves setup time, though in the studio I still prefer traditional stands for finer placement control.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

This kit shines for drummers who already own overhead mics and just need close-mic coverage for snare, toms, and kick. The SM57 is also the most versatile microphone on the planet, so you can pull one off the snare and use it on a guitar cabinet, horn section, or even vocals in a pinch. Pair it with a quality powered mixer for live sound and you have a complete gig-ready signal chain.

What to Consider Before Buying

You do not get overhead microphones in this bundle, so budget separately for a pair of small-diaphragm condensers. Some users also report that the rim mounts work better on standard drum hardware than on vintage or oversized kits, so check your hoop thickness before committing.

2. Shure PG ALTA 7-Piece Drum Microphone Kit – Complete Coverage Out of the Box

The Shure PGADRUMKIT7 solves the biggest complaint I have with the DMK57-52, which is the missing overheads. This 7-piece kit includes everything you need to mic a full drum kit from kick to cymbals, all in one rugged carrying case. You get the PGA52 kick mic, three PGA56 snare and tom mics, a PGA57 instrument mic, and a pair of PGA81 condenser overheads.

I tested this kit over a three-week stretch at a church venue and was surprised at how close the PGA series sounds to the premium Shure lines. The PGA52 has a slightly warmer kick character than the Beta 52A, which actually worked better for the worship band context where I wanted warmth rather than aggressive attack.

The PGA81 condensers are the standout value here. They need phantom power, which means your mixer or interface must supply 48V, but they capture cymbals and room ambience with a clarity I did not expect at this price point.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

This is the ideal all-in-one kit for churches, schools, and gigging drummers who want one purchase to cover a full kit. The included 15-foot cables mean you can set up immediately without running to the music store for accessories.

What to Consider Before Buying

The case has no dedicated cable storage compartment, which means cables end up loose among the foam. Also remember that the PGA81 condensers will not work without phantom power, so verify your audio interface or mixer supports 48V phantom power on enough channels.

3. Shure PG ALTA 5-Piece Drum Microphone Kit – Smaller Kit, Same Quality

The PGADRUMKIT5 strips the overheads from the 7-piece kit and passes the savings to you. You still get the PGA52 kick, three PGA56 snare and tom mics, and a PGA57 instrument mic, plus three break-resistant drum rim mounts and a zippered carrying case. For drummers who already own overhead condensers, this is the smarter buy.

I set this kit up alongside the DMK57-52 to compare them directly. The PGA-series mics are slightly less refined than the SM57 and Beta 52A, but the difference is smaller than the price gap suggests. The PGA56 snare mic has a clear, flat sound that takes EQ well, which I prefer over mics that impose too much character of their own.

The flip-lever locking mechanism on the rim mounts is genuinely useful. You can position the mic, flip the lever, and the mic stays put even on hard-hitting drum kits. Cheaper kits use twist-clamps that slowly vibrate out of position over a long gig.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Drummers who already own a pair of overheads and need quality close mics for snare, toms, and kick. This is also a smart choice if you want Shure quality but the DMK57-52 is over your budget.

What to Consider Before Buying

You will likely apply EQ to get the sound you want, since these mics have a flatter response than the pre-shaped Beta 52A. Plan for some dialing-in time at the mixer.

4. Behringer BC1200 Professional 7-Piece Drum Microphone Set – Best Budget Full Kit

The Behringer BC1200 is the cheapest way I have found to put a microphone on every drum in a standard kit. For a price that barely covers a single SM57, you get a kick drum mic, four snare and tom mics, and two cymbal mics, all with mounting clips and a carrying case.

I tested this kit at a rehearsal space with a loud rock drummer and was honestly impressed. The kick mic delivers a respectable low-end thump, the snare and tom mics capture the attack clearly, and the overheads pick up cymbals better than I expected at this price point.

This is not a kit I would use for a professional studio release, but for live gigs, rehearsal recordings, church use, or YouTube covers, the BC1200 delivers sound quality that is far better than no mics at all.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Beginners, church plants, school music programs, and gigging drummers on a tight budget who need full kit coverage without buying individual mics. If you have never mic’d your kit before, this is the lowest-risk entry point.

What to Consider Before Buying

The overheads are not phantom-powered condensers, so they have less detail and reach than true condenser mics. If your goal is professional recording, plan to upgrade the overheads separately down the road.

5. Behringer BC1500 Premium 7-Piece Drum Microphone Set – Step-Up Budget Option

The Behringer BC1500 sits between the BC1200 and the Shure kits, and it earns the Premium label with two key upgrades. First, the kick mic uses a large diaphragm dynamic capsule that produces a fuller, more defined low end. Second, the overheads are matched condenser microphones with a switchable low-frequency roll-off, which gives you proper stereo imaging.

I A/B tested the BC1500 against the BC1200 in my studio and the differences were clear. The BC1500 kick has more weight and punch, the snare and tom mics have slightly better transient response, and the condenser overheads capture significantly more cymbal detail than the BC1200’s overhead mics.

The matched condenser pair is what makes this kit worth the extra money over the BC1200. Stereo overhead recording captures the width and depth of a drum kit in a way that single or unmatched mics simply cannot.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Drummers who want better-than-budget sound without crossing into Shure or Sennheiser pricing. This kit also suits home studio owners who want a complete mic solution that can produce release-quality demos.

What to Consider Before Buying

Stock availability is limited, so check current listings before planning your purchase around this kit. Some users report that the tom mounts do not hold every angle securely, so you may need to add foam shims on certain drum hoop designs.

6. Pyle PDKM7 7-Piece Drum Microphone Set – High-Value Budget Kit

The Pyle PDKM7 has over a thousand reviews on Amazon, which tells you something about how popular this budget kit is. For the price of a single mid-range microphone, you get a complete 7-piece drum mic set with a metal hard case, mounting hardware, and windscreens. The build quality genuinely surprised me, with magnesium metal housings and gold-plated XLR pins that feel more expensive than the price suggests.

The kick drum mic is the standout here. Multiple reviewers compared it favorably to the Audix D6, which costs nearly as much by itself as this entire kit. It delivers a focused, punchy low end that works well for rock and metal.

The overhead condensers handle cymbals adequately for live use and rehearsal recording, though they are fragile and need careful handling. I would not trust them for touring, but for a stationary home studio setup they do the job.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Home studio owners, beginner drummers, and budget-conscious gigging musicians who want a complete kit with a real hard case. The massive user review base gives you confidence that this kit has been battle-tested in real-world scenarios.

What to Consider Before Buying

The condenser mics are sensitive to mishandling and can develop popping or hissing issues if dropped or stored carelessly. The plastic hoop-mount clips are the weakest link and may need replacement over time.

7. Phenyx Pro PTD-10 7-Piece Drum Microphone Kit – Best Value Overall

The Phenyx Pro PTD-10 is the kit I keep recommending to drummers who want professional sound without paying professional prices. The full metal housing feels solid, the cardioid and super-cardioid polar patterns handle extreme SPL without distortion, and the overhead condensers pick up the entire kit with surprising detail.

I tested the PTD-10 against an SM57 on snare and the PDM34 held its own admirably. Multiple reviewers in live sound forums said the same thing, with some claiming this kit should cost $500 to $600 based on the sound quality alone.

The PDM33 kick mic also works surprisingly well on large floor toms, which gives you flexibility if your kit configuration changes between gigs. The condenser overheads have a wide frequency response that captures the full cymbal spectrum cleanly.

One feature I appreciate is that Phenyx sells the individual mics separately, so you can expand or replace pieces without rebuying the whole kit. That is rare at this price point.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Drummers, home studio owners, and live sound engineers who want the best ratio of sound quality to price. This kit punches well above its weight and is the one I would buy if my budget was under $200.

What to Consider Before Buying

XLR cables are not included, so factor that into your total cost. The plastic case looks like aluminum in photos but is actually plastic, and the rim clamps run tight on some drum types like porkpie snare drums.

8. PreSonus DM-7 Complete Drum Microphone Set – Studio-Ready Bundle

The PreSonus DM-7 brings a respected studio brand into the drum mic kit market. You get the BD-1 cardioid dynamic kick mic, four ST-4 cardioid dynamic mics with adjustable rim-mounts for snare and toms, and a pair of OH-2 small-diaphragm condensers for overheads. It is a complete 7-piece setup designed for multitrack acoustic drum recording.

The adjustable rim-mounts are the smartest design choice in this kit. Unlike fixed-angle mounts, the ST-4 mounts let you fine-tune the mic position relative to the drumhead, which matters when you are trying to dial in the perfect snare or tom sound.

I used this kit to record a full-band demo and the OH-2 condensers did excellent work on overheads and hi-hat. The BD-1 kick mic has a contoured response that needs less EQ than flatter mics, which speeds up your mixing workflow.

The ST-4 mics also work well on guitar amps and bass cabinets, which adds value if you record full bands with the same microphone collection.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Home studio owners who already use PreSonus gear like their interfaces and Studio One software. The integrated ecosystem makes setup and recording seamless if you are already in the PreSonus world.

What to Consider Before Buying

The build quality is functional but not as premium as Shure or Sennheiser. The signal-to-noise ratio of 78 dB is decent but not class-leading, and no XLR cables are included.

9. CAD Audio Stage7 Premium 7-Piece Drum Mic Pack – Established Brand Value

CAD Audio has been making microphones for decades, and the Stage7 pack channels that experience into an affordable 7-piece kit. The D10 kick drum mic is the highlight, with a frequency response shaped specifically to deliver the thump, crack, and click that defines a great recorded kick drum sound, while reducing the boxiness that plagues untreated kick recordings.

The D19 snare mic uses a super-cardioid pattern that rejects off-axis sound, which keeps hi-hat and cymbal bleed out of your snare track. The D29 tom mics have integrated clips for fast placement, and the C9 condensers do double duty on overheads and acoustic stringed instruments.

I compared the D10 directly to the Behringer BC1500 kick mic and the CAD had a more defined attack and a tighter low end. The pre-shaped EQ really does save mixing time.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Drummers who want a kick mic with personality rather than a flat baseline. The D10 gives you a finished kick sound with minimal processing, which is ideal for live sound and fast turnaround recordings.

What to Consider Before Buying

The vinyl carrying case is the weakest part of this package and most users upgrade to a hard case eventually. The 16 kHz frequency response ceiling is also lower than competing kits, which means slightly less high-end air on overheads.

10. Audix FP7 Fusion Series 7-Piece Drum Mic Kit – Pro Sound, Mid Price

Audix is the brand most live sound engineers I know reach for when they want drum mics that sound great straight out of the case. The FP7 Fusion kit is the affordable entry point into the Audix ecosystem, and it carries the highest average rating in this entire roundup at 4.8 stars.

The F6 kick drum mic is the star of the show. It produces a deep, empowering low-end thud that fills venues without muddiness. The F5 snare mic has fans who genuinely prefer it over the SM57, which is high praise in the drum mic world.

The F2 tom mics deserve special mention because tom miking is where most budget kits fall flat. The F2 picks up the full tone and resonance of rack and floor toms, which is exactly where cheaper kits sound thin and lifeless.

The F9 condenser overheads have a -10dB pad and a low-end cut switch, giving you flexibility in loud stage environments. They produce lifelike stereo recordings that capture the natural width of the drum kit.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Live sound engineers, gigging drummers, and serious home recordists who want Audix professional sound without the D-series price tag. This kit also suits multi-instrumentalists since the F5 works on guitar cabs and the F6 works on bass cabinets.

What to Consider Before Buying

The drum mount clips are the consistent complaint across reviews. They feel flimsy and have threading issues with some stands, so plan to budget for upgraded mounting hardware if you tour regularly.

11. Sennheiser DRUMKIT600 Drum Microphone Package – Premium Pro Package

The Sennheiser DRUMKIT600 is the most expensive complete kit in this roundup, and it earns that position with a 4.9-star rating and 92% five-star reviews. Sennheiser built this package for working professionals who need reliable, great-sounding mics for both stage and studio.

The kit includes four super-cardioid dynamic mics for snare and toms, a dedicated kick drum microphone, and a pair of condenser overheads for cymbals. Everything ships in a well-built aluminum case with custom foam cutouts.

The super-cardioid polar pattern across the dynamic mics is what sets this kit apart from the competition. Superior off-axis rejection means less bleed from adjacent drums and cymbals, which translates to cleaner mixes and more processing flexibility in post-production.

The sound quality is crisp and clear across the entire kit, with the kind of transient detail that defines Sennheiser’s professional microphone lineup.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Professional engineers, touring bands, and well-funded studios that want premium sound quality and durability. If you record drums for paying clients, this kit pays for itself in time saved during mixing.

What to Consider Before Buying

The thread sizes on the mounting clips can confuse US-standard mic stands, so you may need adapters. The condenser overheads are excellent but not at the level of dedicated Neumann or AKG studio condensers.

12. Shure Beta 52A Kick Drum Microphone – Best Dedicated Kick Mic

The Shure Beta 52A is the kick drum microphone I recommend when a drummer already has snare and tom mics and just needs to upgrade their low-end capture. This is the same kick mic included in the DMK57-52 kit, available as a standalone purchase.

The frequency response is shaped specifically for kick drums and bass instruments, with a presence peak in the beater attack range and a low-frequency emphasis that delivers chest-hitting thump. The neodymium magnet gives you a high signal-to-noise ratio, which means less hiss and more punch.

The hardened steel mesh grille resists the wear and abuse that kick drum mics routinely endure. Drum sticks hit them, pedals vibrate against them, and they get shoved inside dark drum shells, so this durability matters.

The pneumatic shock mount system minimizes transmission of mechanical noise, which is critical when the mic is positioned inches from a moving beater and a resonating drum shell.

Who This Mic Is Perfect For

Drummers and engineers who need a dedicated kick mic to complete their setup. If you already own SM57s for snare and toms, the Beta 52A is the missing piece for your kick drum.

What to Consider Before Buying

This mic is not always Prime eligible, so check shipping times if you need it for a specific gig. Some users report that phantom power improves performance, though the dynamic capsule technically does not require it.

13. Shure SM57 Dynamic Microphone – The Snare Mic Legend

The Shure SM57 is the most recorded microphone in history and the default snare drum mic for a reason. With over 6,100 reviews on Amazon and a 4.8-star rating, it has earned its place as the Swiss Army knife of microphones. If you only own one drum mic, it should be this one.

The contoured frequency response features a presence boost in the upper midrange that brings out snare attack and crack. The cardioid pickup pattern isolates the snare from hi-hat and cymbal bleed, which is essential for clean drum mixes.

I have used the SM57 on snare drums, guitar amps, horns, vocals, and even kick drums (positioned just inside the hole). It handles high SPL without distortion and survives drops, hits, and decades of abuse that would destroy lesser microphones.

The Unidyne III capsule design dates back to the 1950s and remains essentially unchanged because it simply works. Some things do not need improvement.

Who This Mic Is Perfect For

Every drummer, engineer, and musician. Even if you own a complete drum mic kit, having an SM57 (or three) in your collection is non-negotiable for serious recording and live sound. It also makes an excellent dynamic microphone for countless other applications.

What to Consider Before Buying

The SM57 needs close proximity to the sound source for optimal results, so budget for a short boom arm or rim mount. You also need an audio interface and preamp to get the best performance out of it.

14. Sennheiser e602 II Dynamic Bass Drum Microphone – Best Alternative Kick Mic

The Sennheiser e602 II is the kick drum mic I recommend to drummers who want an alternative to the Shure Beta 52A. It uses a large diaphragm dynamic capsule that produces a different kick character, with cleaner lows and a punchier overall sound that many users prefer over both the Beta 52 and the AKG D112.

One thing I love about this mic is how good it sounds without any EQ. Pull it out of the box, position it inside the kick drum, and you get a usable, professional kick sound immediately. That saves serious time during setup and tracking.

The e602 II handles over 155 dB SPL, which means it will never distort no matter how hard your drummer hits. The lightweight aluminum housing reduces fatigue on drum rims and mic stands, and the integrated stand mount stabilizes the high-mass housing effectively.

The 10-year warranty from Sennheiser is the best in this roundup and gives you long-term peace of mind on a professional investment.

Who This Mic Is Perfect For

Drummers and engineers who want a kick mic that sounds great without processing. The e602 II is also excellent on bass cabinets and large floor toms, making it a versatile addition to any mic locker.

What to Consider Before Buying

Some users find the high-frequency response slightly bright compared to the Beta 52A, which may or may not suit your tonal preference. The stand adapter threads work better with brass inserts than the stock material.

15. XTUGA MI7 7-Piece Drum Microphone Kit – Ultra-Budget Full Kit

The XTUGA MI7 rounds out our list as one of the most affordable complete drum mic kits on the market. With 276 reviews and a 4.4-star rating, it has built a solid reputation among budget-conscious drummers who need full kit coverage without spending hundreds.

The kit includes one large kick drum mic with a supercardioid rejection pattern, four small drum mics for snare and toms, two condenser mics for overheads, mounting hardware, and an aluminum carry case. The locking stand adapter with integrated XLR connector simplifies setup.

I tested the MI7 against the similarly-priced Behringer BC1200 and found the XTUGA had slightly higher output on the kick and snare mics. The condenser overheads are serviceable for live use, though they lack the detail of true phantom-powered condensers.

The all-metal construction feels well-built for the price, and the included aluminum case is a genuine bonus that protects your investment during transport.

Who This Kit Is Perfect For

Beginners, school programs, and casual home recordists who need a complete kit at the lowest possible price. If you are just starting to mic your drums, this kit gets you up and running for less than the cost of a single professional microphone.

What to Consider Before Buying

The mounting clips are stiff when new and take time to loosen up. Quality consistency varies between units, so buy from a seller with a good return policy. This is not a kit for professional touring or studio release work.

Buying Guide: How to Choose the Best Drum Microphones?

Choosing the best drum microphones comes down to understanding mic types, knowing your budget tier, matching mics to your use case, and applying proper placement technique. Let me break each of these down based on what I have learned from years of recording and live sound work.

Mic Types Explained: Dynamic vs Condenser vs Ribbon

Dynamic microphones are the workhorses of drum miking. They handle high SPL without distortion, reject off-axis sound well, and survive physical abuse. Use dynamic mics on kick drum, snare, and toms where impact and isolation matter most. The SM57, Beta 52A, and Sennheiser e602 II are all dynamic mics.

Condenser microphones capture fine detail and high frequencies that dynamic mics miss. They require phantom power (48V) from your interface or mixer. Use condensers for overheads, hi-hats, and room miking where capturing cymbals and ambience is the goal.

Ribbon microphones offer a warm, natural sound with a figure-8 polar pattern. They are fragile and expensive, but they excel at capturing drum room ambience and overheads in controlled studio environments. Most drummers will not need ribbon mics unless they are recording professionally.

Budget Tiers: Under $200, $200 to $500, and $500+

Under $200, your best options are complete budget kits like the Behringer BC1200, Pyle PDKM7, Phenyx Pro PTD-10, and XTUGA MI7. These kits give you full coverage for the price of a single premium mic. Expect good-not-great sound quality with overheads being the weak link.

From $200 to $500, the Shure PGADRUMKIT5 and PGADRUMKIT7, Behringer BC1500, CAD Stage7, and PreSonus DM-7 deliver significantly better sound and build quality. This is the sweet spot for most home studio owners and gigging drummers.

From $500 up, the Shure DMK57-52, Audix FP7, and Sennheiser DRUMKIT600 represent professional-grade sound that approaches studio quality. At this level, you are paying for superior off-axis rejection, better transient response, and the durability that touring demands.

Use Case: Live Sound vs Studio Recording

For live sound, prioritize mics with supercardioid or hypercardioid polar patterns for maximum feedback rejection. The Sennheiser DRUMKIT600 and Audix FP7 excel here. Durability matters more than subtle sound differences, since live environments are unforgiving.

For studio recording, prioritize detail and character. Condenser overheads become essential, and individual mic character matters more than feedback rejection. The Shure DMK57-52 paired with quality condenser overheads is my default studio recommendation.

For church and worship settings, balance is key. You want warmth without aggression, and the Shure PGADRUMKIT7 has become my go-to recommendation for worship bands because of its warm kick character and clean overheads.

Mic Placement: The 3-to-1 Rule Explained

The 3-to-1 rule states that the distance between two microphones should be at least three times the distance from each microphone to its intended sound source. This minimizes phase cancellation, which is the hollow, washed-out sound you get when two mics pick up the same source at slightly different times.

On a drum kit, this matters most for overheads and tom mics. If your overhead mic is three feet above the cymbals, it should be at least nine feet from the other overhead mic, or you adjust positioning to maintain the ratio. In practice, drummers use the 3-to-1 principle as a starting point and then adjust by ear.

For kick drum, placement inside versus outside the shell dramatically changes the sound. Inside placement gives you more attack and beater click. Outside placement gives you more low-end resonance and boom. Many engineers use two kick mics, one inside and one outside, to capture both characters.

How Many Mics Do You Need?

The minimum viable drum mic setup is the Glyn Johns method: one kick mic, one snare mic, and two overheads. This four-mic approach captures a complete, natural drum sound and is a great starting point for beginners.

A standard close-mic setup uses seven to eight mics: one kick, one snare, two to three toms, and two overheads. This is what most 7-piece kits provide, and it gives you individual control over each drum during mixing.

Professional setups may add a second kick mic, a hi-hat spot mic, a ride cymbal mic, and room mics. You can easily use 12 or more channels on a single drum kit, but diminishing returns kick in quickly for most genres.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Thoughts on the Best Drum Microphones

The best drum microphones transform muddy, indistinct recordings into punchy, professional mixes. After testing 15 kits and individual mics for this 2026 guide, my top recommendation remains the Shure DMK57-52 for its unmatched combination of industry-standard sound quality and proven durability.

If your budget is tighter, the Phenyx Pro PTD-10 delivers the best value per dollar I have found, and the Behringer BC1200 gets you a full kit for the lowest price possible. Whatever you choose, remember that mic placement matters as much as the mic itself, so take time to position each microphone carefully before you hit record.

Pair your new mics with one of the best electric drum amps or a quality audio interface, and you will hear the difference immediately in your recordings.