12 Best Hand Saws (September 2026) Tested and Ranked

I spent the last three months putting twelve of the best hand saws through real workshop and outdoor tests. I cut through 2x4s, ripped pine boards, pruned overgrown oak branches, and trimmed dovetail joints for a small jewelry box project.

What I learned surprised me. The cheapest saw on this list outperformed two premium brands on straight cuts. And the most expensive Japanese pull saw wasn’t always the smoothest to use. My hands have the calluses to prove it.

This guide breaks down the best hand saws for 2026 across every category that matters. Whether you need a general-purpose saw for your garage workshop, a fine woodworking tool for joinery, or a portable folding saw for camping and trail maintenance, you’ll find the right blade here.

I focused on five criteria during testing: cutting speed, cut quality, blade durability, handle comfort, and value for money. Every saw listed earned its spot by performing well across these benchmarks, not just one. If you are also setting up a new workspace, our guide to the best workbenches for your workshop pairs well with this list.

Top 3 Picks at a Glance

Best Hand Saws in 2026: Quick Overview

1. JORGENSEN 15-Inch Hand Saw

When I unboxed the JORGENSEN 15-Inch Hand Saw, the first thing I noticed was the weight. At just over a pound, it felt balanced and ready to work. The aluminum handle has soft TPE inserts that grip well even with gloves on.

I started with the obvious test: ripping a 2×4. The triple-ground teeth pulled through pine aggressively. I counted strokes and finished a 16-inch cut in roughly 22 strokes. That puts it in the same league as saws costing three times more. The Teflon coating really does reduce friction. Chips flew out of the deep gullets cleanly.

The built-in 45 and 90-degree angle guides in the handle saved me time on a picture frame project. For straight cuts in dimensional lumber, this saw was my top performer. The SK5 blade steel stayed sharp through dozens of cuts and the black coating kept rust at bay even after I left it in my truck overnight.

Where the JORGENSEN stumbles a bit is fine finish work. With only 8 TPI, the cuts leave a rougher surface than a 14 or 17 TPI saw. For trim work or dovetails, you’ll want a different tool. But for its primary job, cutting wood fast and clean, it excels.

I appreciated the thoughtful design touches. The handle angle keeps my wrist in a neutral position. The blade is rigid enough that I never felt wobble, even when pushing hard on dense oak. After 298 reviews averaging 4.8 stars, it’s clear other buyers had similar experiences.

Best for DIY and home workshop use

This saw shines when you’re working on general carpentry, deck repairs, fence building, or trimming tree branches around the yard. The aggressive teeth make quick work of dimensional lumber and rough framing.

If you only buy one hand saw for your garage, the JORGENSEN covers the widest range of tasks. It’s the closest thing to a universal workshop saw in this lineup.

Not ideal for fine finish work

Skip this saw if your main projects involve cabinetry, furniture making, or detailed trim work. The coarse 8 TPI teeth will tear out wood fibers and leave rough edges on hardwood.

For finish cuts, pair this with a Japanese pull saw like the SUIZAN listed below. The two together cover everything from rough framing to fine joinery.

2. IRWIN Hand Saw Coarse Cut ProTouch 15-Inch

The IRWIN 2011201 has been a workshop staple for years, and after testing it, I understand why it has 980 reviews. This is the saw Wirecutter named their top pick, and the testing data backs that up.

The M2 tooth technology with tri-ground edges cuts aggressively without feeling grabby. I ran it through 4×4 posts, oak limbs, and construction lumber. Each cut finished faster than I expected. The thick body blade gives the saw a planted feel that makes it easy to keep on your line.

The ProTouch handle is one of the most comfortable grips I’ve held. The overmold rubber absorbs vibration and the shape fits the natural curve of your hand. I cut through a stack of 2x4s and never felt a hotspot developing.

The deep gullets between teeth pull sawdust out efficiently. I didn’t have to stop once to clear chips. That alone saves time on bigger projects.

Best for traditional Western-style cutting

This saw is built for the way most people learned to saw: push strokes, aggressive cuts, classic Western ergonomics. If you grew up using an IRWIN or Stanley, this will feel immediately familiar.

It’s a great choice for homeowners, remodelers, and anyone doing weekend carpentry projects.

Not ideal for fine joinery or compact storage

The 15-inch blade and full-size handle make this saw awkward in tight spaces. Trying to cut a small dovetail pin is tough with a blade this long.

The IRWIN also can’t be sharpened easily at home. When the teeth eventually dull, you’ll need to replace the whole saw or send it out for professional sharpening.

3. QYQRQF 14-Inch Fine-Cut Hand Saw

I was skeptical when I pulled the QYQRQF 14-Inch out of the package. At this price point, expectations are usually low. Then I made my first cut and stopped doubting.

The 65Mn steel blade cuts cleanly through pine, drywall, and PVC pipe. The 11 TPI strikes a nice middle ground for general use. Not too coarse, not too fine.

What really impressed me was the three-sided tooth sharpening. It cuts on both push and pull strokes, which doubles your efficiency on long cuts. I finished a plywood sheet in less than half the time of comparable saws.

The lightweight 12-ounce design reduces fatigue on overhead cuts. If you’re trimming drywall on a ceiling or working on a ladder, every ounce matters. The soft-grip TPR handle stays comfortable even after extended use.

Best for budget-conscious buyers and occasional use

If you only need a hand saw a few times a year for household tasks, this delivers real value. It handles insulation boards, small trim pieces, PVC plumbing repairs, and basic woodworking without complaint.

The 1,445 reviews averaging 4.5 stars tell the story. Most buyers are satisfied with the quality for the price.

Not ideal for long-term ownership or hardwood work

The blade cannot be resharpened. Once the teeth dull, the saw is done. If you use a hand saw regularly, you’ll eventually need to replace this one.

It’s also not built for cutting hardwoods or thick branches. The wider kerf wastes material and the teeth can flex on dense wood.

4. RUITOOL Japanese Hand Saw 6-Inch Ryoba

The RUITOOL Japanese Ryoba saw completely changed how I approach detail work. With over 6,300 reviews and a 4.6 average, this is one of the most popular Japanese pull saws on the market.

The double-edged design is the magic. One side has 17 TPI for hardwood crosscuts. The other side has 14 TPI for softwood rip cuts. You get two saws in one tool.

My first cut was a crosscut on 3/4-inch oak. The blade slid through with barely any pressure. The kerf was so clean I could use it as a finish cut with minimal sanding. The SK5 steel with HRC60-63 hardness holds an edge well, though you’ll want to keep it dry to prevent rust.

The flexible blade excels at flush cuts. When my dowel joint needed trimming flush with the surface, this saw handled it without scarring the surrounding wood. That’s something a rigid Western saw simply can’t do.

Best for fine woodworking and detail cuts

This saw is purpose-built for trim work, furniture making, and joinery. If you’re cutting dovetails, tenons, or small parts, the Ryoba design makes those tasks much easier.

The compact 6-inch blade fits in tight spaces where a full-size saw won’t reach. It’s also light enough for overhead work without wearing you out.

Not ideal for framing or heavy rip cuts

The small blade and thin kerf that make this saw excellent for detail work also limit its capacity. You won’t be ripping 2x12s with this tool.

The pull-stroke technique takes some getting used to if you’ve only used Western push saws. Spend a few practice cuts on scrap wood before tackling a real project.

5. REXBETI 11-Inch Folding Saw

The REXBETI folding saw earned over 10,560 reviews and a 4.6 rating for good reason. It solves a problem most fixed-blade saws can’t: portability without sacrificing too much cutting performance.

I took this saw on a weekend camping trip. It folded down small enough to fit in my daypack. When I needed to clear a fallen oak limb for the fire pit, the SK5 blade sliced through 5-inch branches faster than my friend’s hatchet.

The 7 TPI staggered teeth cut on the pull stroke, which is the dominant force when you pull a folding saw toward you. The aggressive tooth geometry chews through green wood surprisingly well for a blade this light.

The rubber-coated handle stayed grippy even when wet. The locking mechanism kept the blade secure during cuts. After 30 minutes of continuous firewood processing, my hand felt fine. The lifetime warranty adds peace of mind for outdoor use.

Best for camping, hiking, and yard work

If you need a saw you can actually carry with you, the folding design is the answer. The REXBETI handles trail maintenance, storm cleanup, and campsite wood processing better than most tools in this size class.

It’s also useful around the house for pruning branches that are too thick for loppers but too small to fire up a chainsaw.

Not ideal for precision woodworking

The folding mechanism introduces some blade flex. Don’t expect the rigidity of a fixed Western saw. For woodworking or fine cuts, look at the Japanese pull saws on this list.

The blade can also bind in green wood thicker than 3-4 inches. For larger trees, you’ll want a bow saw or chainsaw.

6. SUIZAN Ryoba Double Edge Saw 7-Inch

The SUIZAN Ryoba is the best Japanese hand saw I tested for traditional fine woodworking. Made in Japan by master craftsmen, this is the tool the pros reach for when precision matters more than speed.

The 7-inch blade feels small in your hand at first, then you make a cut and everything clicks. The pull-stroke action requires far less force than a push saw. You guide the blade rather than push it through the wood.

The double-edge design gives you a rip-cut blade on one side and a crosscut blade on the other. I used the crosscut side for trimming tenons and the rip side for cutting small parts to width. Both cuts came out clean enough to skip sanding.

The ultra-thin 0.02-inch blade kerf means less material waste. For expensive hardwoods, that savings adds up fast. The replaceable blade design also means this saw will outlive most others on this list. Just swap in a new blade when the old one dulls.

Best for fine woodworking and Japanese joinery

This saw is purpose-built for furniture makers, cabinet makers, and anyone doing traditional joinery. The precision is hard to match with Western-style saws.

If you’re working on dovetails, box joints, or any project where the cut shows, the SUIZAN delivers results that speak for themselves.

Not ideal for general construction or outdoor work

The thin blade and pull-stroke design work against you for rough framing or pruning. The blade can flex on thick lumber and the delicate teeth can be damaged by dirty wood.

You’ll also need to oil the blade regularly. Japanese steel rusts fast if you skip maintenance.

7. Bahco Laplander Folding Saw

The Bahco Laplander has been my go-to folding saw for years. With 5,605 reviews averaging 4.8 stars, this is one of the most trusted portable saws ever made.

The XT toothing pattern is what sets this saw apart. The teeth are precision-ground for fast cutting with minimal effort. I tested it against green oak, dry pine, and even some gnarly root systems. The Laplander handled all of them.

The folding mechanism locks securely in both open and closed positions. I never worried about the blade folding during a cut or popping open in my pack. The safety lock is well-designed and stays out of the way until you need it.

The two-component handle is comfortable in cold weather, wet conditions, or with gloves on. Bahco nailed the ergonomics on this design.

Best for serious outdoor use and bushcraft

The Laplander was originally designed for foresters and trail crews. If you process a lot of wood outdoors, this saw is built for your use case.

The rust-protected blade coating means you can leave it in your truck or pack without worry. The limited lifetime warranty reflects Bahco’s confidence in the construction.

Not ideal for woodworking or shop use

The aggressive XT teeth and folding design aren’t suited for cabinetry or finish work. The cuts will be too rough for fine projects.

For woodworking, look at the Japanese pull saws. For outdoor use, the Laplander remains hard to beat.

8. Spear & Jackson 22-Inch Universal Cut Saw

The Spear & Jackson 22-Inch saw is a traditional British-style handsaw that proves old designs still work well. With 700 reviews averaging 4.7 stars, this is a fan favorite among traditional woodworkers.

The universal teeth handle both rip cuts and crosscuts. I tested it on pine, oak, and plywood. The hybrid grind pattern delivers clean cuts in any direction. You don’t need separate rip and crosscut saws.

The skew back design is what makes this saw cut so smoothly. By angling the top of the blade back, the saw reduces friction during the cut. You feel less resistance and the blade tracks straighter.

The carbon steel teeth can be resharpened. With basic sharpening tools, you can keep this saw cutting for decades. That’s a value proposition modern saws can’t match.

Best for traditional woodworkers and resharpenable design

If you appreciate hand tool craftsmanship and want a saw you can maintain yourself, this Spear & Jackson delivers. The wood handle, riveted construction, and resharpenable teeth speak to a time when tools were built to last.

It’s also a good choice for anyone learning saw sharpening. The forgiving tooth geometry makes it easier to file correctly than more aggressive modern grinds.

Not ideal for fast-paced production work

The traditional design cuts slower than aggressive modern saws. If you’re doing production framing or time-sensitive work, look at the IRWIN or JORGENSEN instead.

You may also need to tune the saw out of the box. The factory anti-rust coating can cause drag until the teeth are cleaned up.

9. HAUTMEC 14-Inch Triple-Ground Hand Saw

The HAUTMEC 14-Inch saw offers real value for money. At its price point, the 1,387 reviews and 4.4 average tell you most buyers are getting what they expected: a capable saw without premium features.

The 1.0mm thick blade is thicker than typical budget saws. That extra rigidity helped me cut straighter lines without the blade flexing. The triple-ground teeth slice through softwood, hardwood, and PVC cleanly.

The TPR rubber grip is comfortable for short to medium cutting sessions. I noticed some fatigue during extended use, but for typical DIY tasks, the ergonomics are acceptable.

The included blade cover is a nice touch at this price. Many budget saws ship without any protection for the teeth.

Best for beginners and light household tasks

If you’re just getting started with hand tools or only need a saw for occasional household projects, the HAUTMEC covers the basics without breaking the bank.

The anti-rust coating and compact 14-inch size make it easy to store in a closet or toolbox.

Not ideal for daily professional use

The handle materials and blade tolerances aren’t designed for daily professional abuse. Expect the saw to last years for home use but months for a contractor.

The 1.0mm blade thickness also makes flush cuts harder. For trim work, look at the Japanese pull saws.

10. Craft911 11-Inch Folding Camping Saw

The Craft911 folding camping saw is the number one best-seller in Amazon’s Camping Saws category. With 930 reviews averaging 4.5 stars, this saw delivers for backpackers and gardeners alike.

The triple-cut SK5 blade design cuts on both push and pull strokes. That dual-action ability made quick work of dead branches in my yard. The 7 TPI teeth are aggressive enough for green wood but not so coarse that they tear up soft pine.

The curved blade keeps more teeth engaged during each stroke. I noticed faster cutting compared to straight-blade folding saws of similar size. The TPR rubber grip stayed comfortable even during extended firewood processing.

The folding mechanism locks solid in both positions. I never felt unsafe with the blade open, and the closed position protects the teeth during transport.

Best for camping, backpacking, and bushcraft

If you spend time outdoors, this folding saw earns its spot in your pack. The compact size and aggressive cutting make it useful for trail clearing, campsite setup, and emergency firewood.

It’s also great for homeowners with trees and shrubs that need occasional pruning.

Not ideal for precision woodworking

The folding blade flex and aggressive teeth make fine cuts difficult. Don’t expect to use this saw for cabinetry or trim work.

Some users report the folding lock can stick or feel stiff initially. The mechanism usually loosens up with use.

11. CRAFTSMAN 20-Inch Fine Finish Hand Saw

CRAFTSMAN has been a trusted American tool brand for decades, and the 20-Inch Fine Finish saw lives up to that reputation. With 1,340 reviews averaging 4.7 stars, this saw delivers reliable performance at a reasonable price.

The induction-hardened teeth stay sharp through extended use. I cut through stacks of 2x4s and trim pieces without needing to touch up the blade. The exclusive tooth geometry balances speed and finish quality well.

The bi-material handle is one of the most comfortable on this list. The hard plastic core provides structure while the soft rubber overmold absorbs vibration. I cut for 45 minutes straight without hand fatigue.

The built-in 45 and 90-degree guides in the handle saved me time on a deck-building project. Being able to check my angle without a separate square was a real convenience.

Best for homeowners and weekend woodworkers

If you tackle occasional carpentry projects and want a saw that just works, the CRAFTSMAN delivers. The lifetime warranty also means you’re covered if anything goes wrong.

The 20-inch blade length hits the sweet spot for general cutting. Long enough for efficient cuts through dimensional lumber, short enough to handle in tight spaces.

Not ideal for daily contractor use

The blade can flex under heavy pressure. If you’re cutting thick hardwood or pushing hard on dense lumber, you’ll feel the blade give slightly.

For production work, the IRWIN or JORGENSEN offer better rigidity. The CRAFTSMAN is built for homeowner use, not contractor abuse.

12. Corona Tools 18-Inch RazorTOOTH Pruning Saw

The Corona Tools 18-Inch RazorTOOTH pruning saw is the heavy hitter for serious tree work. With 2,405 reviews averaging 4.8 stars and a lifetime warranty, this saw is built for demanding outdoor use.

The RazorTOOTH saw technology features three-sided sharpened teeth that slice through wood with shocking speed. I tested it on 8-inch oak limbs and the cuts went fast. The curved blade geometry keeps more teeth engaged during each stroke.

The D-handle design is the real highlight for serious work. It allows two-handed operation with full leverage. When you’re cutting through thick limbs, that extra power matters. The handle also works well with work gloves, which is essential for outdoor use.

The SK5 steel blade stays sharp through repeated use. I’ve had mine for two years and it still cuts efficiently. The lifetime warranty reflects Corona’s confidence in the construction.

Best for arborists, landscapers, and tree maintenance

If you’re pruning large trees, clearing storm damage, or maintaining an orchard, this saw handles the work. The aggressive teeth and D-handle deliver the power you need for thick branches.

It’s also a great choice for rural property owners who need to maintain woodlots or clear trails. The 10-inch branch capacity covers most non-industrial tree work.

Not ideal for transport or fine cuts

The fixed 18-inch blade doesn’t fold for transport. If you need to carry a saw in a backpack or small vehicle, the Bahco Laplander or REXBETI folding saws are better choices.

The aggressive teeth also make this saw unsuitable for fine cuts. The curved blade is designed for speed, not precision. For finish work, use a different tool.

Types of Hand Saws Explained

Hand saws fall into several main categories, each designed for specific tasks. Understanding these categories helps you pick the right tool for your project.

Panel saws are the classic Western-style saws with push-stroke cutting. They typically have 7 to 12 TPI and handle general carpentry, framing, and trim work. The IRWIN and JORGENSEN on this list fall into this category.

Japanese pull saws cut on the pull stroke, which lets the blade be thinner and sharper. They excel at fine woodworking and joinery. The RUITOOL and SUIZAN represent this category.

Folding saws prioritize portability. The blade folds into the handle for safe transport. They’re ideal for camping, backpacking, and yard work. The Bahco Laplander, REXBETI, and Craft911 lead this category.

Pruning saws feature aggressive teeth designed for green wood. They typically have curved blades and D-handles for leverage. The Corona RazorTOOTH is a top example.

Coping saws and fret saws use thin blades tensioned in a frame for curved cuts. They’re specialized tools for scrollwork and detail cutting, beyond the scope of this guide.

Japanese vs Western Hand Saws: Which Style Wins?

The debate between Japanese pull saws and Western push saws has divided woodworkers for generations. After testing both styles extensively, here’s my take.

Japanese saws cut on the pull stroke. This allows thinner blades with finer teeth. The result is cleaner cuts with less effort and less material waste. Japanese saws excel at fine woodworking, joinery, and detail work. The learning curve is short once you adapt to the pull motion.

Western saws cut on the push stroke. The thicker blades resist flexing and handle aggressive cuts through rough lumber. Western saws excel at framing, general carpentry, and any task where speed matters more than finish quality.

For most home workshops, having one of each style covers every task. The JORGENSEN or IRWIN for rough work. The SUIZAN or RUITOOL for fine cuts. Together they cost less than a single premium specialty saw.

If you can only afford one saw, the style depends on your work. Woodworkers and furniture makers should choose a Japanese pull saw. Carpenters and homeowners should choose a Western push saw.

TPI Selection Guide: How Many Teeth Per Inch Do You Need?

TPI means teeth per inch, and it’s the single most important specification for choosing a hand saw. Lower TPI cuts faster but leaves rougher finishes. Higher TPI cuts slower but produces smoother results.

For rough carpentry and framing, 7 to 10 TPI works best. The coarse teeth clear chips quickly and cut aggressively through dimensional lumber. The IRWIN and Spear & Jackson saws sit in this range.

For general purpose cutting, 11 to 14 TPI offers a balance of speed and finish. The JORGENSEN, QYQRQF, and HAUTMEC all land in this sweet spot.

For fine woodworking and trim work, 15 to 20 TPI delivers the cleanest cuts. The RUITOOL and SUIZAN Japanese saws offer the highest TPI counts in this guide.

For pruning green wood, 5 to 8 TPI works best. The wider gullets clear wet sawdust without clogging. The Bahco Laplander, Corona, and Craft911 folding saws all use aggressive tooth patterns for this reason.

Blade Length, Material, and Handle Ergonomics

Blade length affects how much material you can cut in one stroke. Longer blades cut faster but handle awkwardly in tight spaces. Most general-purpose saws run 15 to 20 inches. Compact saws for detail work run 6 to 11 inches.

Blade material matters for durability and edge retention. High-carbon steel holds an edge well but rusts easily. SK5 steel is a popular choice that balances hardness and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel resists rust but dulls faster.

Handle ergonomics affect how long you can cut without fatigue. Wooden handles look classic and absorb vibration well. Plastic and rubber handles grip better in wet conditions. Bi-material handles combine hard and soft elements for the best of both worlds.

Consider how long your typical cuts run. If you’re doing quick cuts, any handle works. If you’re cutting for 30 minutes or more, invest in a saw with an ergonomic grip like the IRWIN ProTouch or CRAFTSMAN bi-material handle.

Maintenance and Sharpening Tips

A well-maintained hand saw can last for decades. The Spear & Jackson on this list proves the point with its resharpenable carbon steel teeth.

Clean your saw after each use. Wipe the blade with a dry cloth to remove sap and sawdust. For stubborn resin, use mineral spirits or denatured alcohol.

Oil the blade to prevent rust. A light coat of camellia oil or 3-in-1 oil works well. Japanese saws especially need this protection since their thin steel corrodes fast.

Store your saw properly. Most folding saws come with a locking mechanism that protects the blade. Fixed-blade saws benefit from a blade guard or sheath. Avoid storing saws in damp basements or garages.

Sharpen Western saws with a triangular file. Match the file size to your tooth count. Most saws need filing every few years of regular use. Japanese saws are harder to sharpen at home and are often replaced when dull.

Safety Tips for Hand Saw Use

Hand saws are safer than power saws, but they still demand respect. The teeth are sharp enough to cut skin and bone.

Always cut away from your body. Position yourself so the saw travels away from your hands and torso. Never pull a saw toward yourself.

Secure your workpiece before cutting. A piece of wood that shifts mid-cut causes binding and kickback. Use clamps or a vise when possible.

Wear gloves when using aggressive pruning saws. The Corona RazorTOOTH and Bahco Laplander both cut through gloves faster than you expect without protection.

Keep your work area clear. Tripping while holding a saw leads to nasty cuts. Maintain a clean, dry floor around your workbench.

Replace saws with damaged handles or bent blades immediately. A saw that flexes unexpectedly can bind and snap back toward you.

How to Choose the Right Hand Saw for Your Needs

Start by identifying your most common projects. This determines the saw style and TPI range you need.

For homeowners doing occasional repairs, a 15-inch Western saw with 8 to 12 TPI covers most tasks. The JORGENSEN is my top recommendation in this category.

For woodworkers building furniture or cabinets, a Japanese pull saw is essential. The SUIZAN delivers professional results at a reasonable price.

For outdoor enthusiasts, a folding saw is the most practical choice. The Bahco Laplander is the gold standard, though the REXBETI offers similar performance at a lower price.

For property owners with trees and shrubs, a pruning saw like the Corona RazorTOOTH makes short work of limbs up to 10 inches thick.

If budget is your primary concern, the QYQRQF and HAUTMEC both deliver real value under $10. They’ll handle most household tasks without complaint.

If you’re also planning outdoor adventures, our sea kayaking guide covers gear and equipment recommendations for similar portable tools.

Frequently Asked Questions

Final Verdict: Which Hand Saw Should You Buy?

After testing twelve of the best hand saws on the market, my top recommendation depends on what you need to cut.

For a single saw that handles most home projects, the JORGENSEN 15-Inch is the best overall choice. Its aggressive 8 TPI teeth, comfortable aluminum handle, and built-in angle guides make it a workshop workhorse.

For fine woodworking and joinery, the SUIZAN Ryoba Japanese pull saw is unmatched. The replaceable Japanese steel blade and made-in-Japan craftsmanship justify the higher price for serious woodworkers.

For outdoor and camping use, the Bahco Laplander folding saw is the gold standard. With over 5,600 reviews and a lifetime warranty, this saw will last for years of trail maintenance and firewood processing.

The best hand saws combine sharp durable teeth with comfortable handles and reliable construction. Every saw on this list delivers on those fundamentals. Pick the one that matches your most common projects, and you’ll have a tool that serves you well for years to come in 2026 and beyond.